Cosmetics
In general, cosmetics are known as preparations that correct and beautify the appearance of organs such as skin, nails and hair. The word cosmetics is derived from the English word 'Cosmos' and means the universe, the world order and the establishment of the universal order.
In the American Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the word cosmetics is defined as follows. “Preparations and non-soap substances applied for the purpose of being spilled, sprinkled, rubbed or otherwise cleaned, beautified, attractive or altered in appearance.”
When the word cosmetics is considered in general terms, it is understood that substances, preparations, forms of treatment and tools used to improve the appearance of a person. Cosmetics are classified in two ways:
1) According to the places of application,
2) By key domains.
Cosmetics are divided into 5 according to their application.
1- Skin and cosmetic preparations applied to the skin
• Softening Creams
• Softening Lotions
• Cleansing Creams
• Cleansing Lotions
• Hand Creams and Lotions
• Foundation Creams
• Daily Creams
• Hormone Creams
• Sterate Creams (Vanishing Creams)
• Face Masks
• Preparations that Lighten the Skin and Remove the Spots on the Skin
• Antiperspirant Preparations
• Preparations that Prevent Sweat Odors (Deodorant)
• Shaving Preparations
2- Powders and Pigmented Preparations
• Face Powders
• Blush
• Lip Paints
• Nail Polishes
• Cosmetic Preparations Applied to the Eye
3- Hair and Cosmetic Preparations Applied to Hair
• Preparations that give shape to the hair
• Hair Straightening Preparations
• Shampoos
• Hair Colors
• Preparations that Lighten Hair Color
• Preparations that give shine to the hair and protect the hairstyles
• Hair Nourishing Preparations
• Hair Lacquers (Hair Sprays)
4- Cosmetic Preparations Applied to the Teeth and Oral Cavity
• Toothpastes and Other Preparations
• Preparations Used for Cleaning Set Teeth
• Mouthwaters
5- Other Cosmetic Preparations
• Cosmetic Preparations Applied to the Foot
• Baby Preparations
• Bath Preparations
• Body Powders
• Depilatories
Cosmetics are also divided into 5 according to their main impact areas.
1. Layer Forming Substances: They form a decorative and protective layer on the skin, hair and nails. Such as nail polishes, make-up materials…
2. Keratinous Substances: They affect the keratin in the epidermis, hair and nails, causing physical or chemical, decorative or gradual changes there. Such as Dihydroxyacetone, Thioglycol acid, Formalin (as a nail hardener)…
3. Sebatrope Substances: They affect the essential components of the skin surface, for example oil or microflora, qualitatively and quantitatively. Like soaps, creams, milks, oily lotions and antiperspirants…
4. Indirect Dermatop Substances: They affect the psychology of the living skin by changing it from the surface, for example, by changing the amount of water retention. Like creams and milks, light filters, powders and alcohol lotions…
5. Direct Dermatop Substances: They affect the psychology of the living skin by entering the epidermis directly. Like hormones and vitamins…
These cosmetics in question are systematically examined for the correction of human appearance, which is the content of the "Science of Cosmetology". Modern cosmetic and cosmetology pharma, pharmaceutical technology is based on various branches of science such as anatomy, microbiology, biology, chemistry, dermatology, endocrinology, histology and psychology. These branches of science play an important role in the research, formulation, preparation and control of preparations. Some preparations can be considered as cosmetics and drugs as bidirectional. Because cosmatology has been on the side of medical science and especially dermatology for many years.
Although the use of cosmetics is parallel to the history of people, it started to develop as a cosmetic science only after the First World War, and organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, cell biology, toxicology, etc. It has reached the position of an independent branch of science with the contribution of its branches of science. II. In the years following the World War II, the cosmetics industry made a rapid progress in parallel with the research and development in the field of chemistry and biology. Thus, both the variety of products increased and their quality and qualities increased.
In order to control the effects of cosmetic products on human health and to ensure compliance with the necessary conditions in terms of chemical compositions, various by-laws and regulations were enacted, and certain criteria and rules were complied with in the preparation of the products.